From: Subject: Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs, 1848 Date: Fri, 18 Aug 2006 14:35:27 -0500 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C6C2D3.8C47EDD0" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.2962 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C6C2D3.8C47EDD0 Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/encyc_1848.aspx =EF=BB=BF Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs, 1848
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Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs, 1848

A Reply to the Epistle of Pope Pius IX, "to the = Easterns"

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To All the Bishops Everywhere, Beloved in the Holy = Ghost, Our=20 Venerable, Most Dear Brethren; and to their Most Pious = Clergy; and=20 to All the Genuine Orthodox Sons of the One, Holy, Catholic = and=20 Apostolic Church: Brotherly Salutation in the Holy Spirit, = and Every=20 Good From God, and Salvation.

The holy, evangelical and divine Gospel of Salvation = should be=20 set forth by all in its original simplicity, and should = evermore be=20 believed in its unadulterated purity, even the same as it = was=20 revealed to His holy Apostles by our Savior, who for this = very=20 cause, descending from the bosom of God the Father, made = Himself=20 of no reputation and took upon Him the form of a servant = (Phil.=20 ii. 7); even the same, also, as those Apostles, who were ear = and eye=20 witnesses, sounded it forth, like clear-toned trumpets, to = all that=20 are under the sun (for their sound is gone out into all = lands,=20 and their words into the ends of the world); = and, last=20 of all, the very same as the many great and glorious Fathers = of the=20 Catholic Church in all parts of the earth, who heard those = Apostolic=20 voices, both by their synodical and their individual = teachings=20 handed it down to all everywhere, and even unto us. But the = Prince=20 of Evil, that spiritual enemy of man's salvation, as = formerly in=20 Eden, craftily assuming the pretext of profitable counsel, = he made=20 man to become a transgressor of the divinely-spoken command. = so in=20 the spiritual Eden, the Church of God, he has from time to = time=20 beguiled many; and, mixing the deleterious drugs of heresy = with the=20 clear streams of orthodox doctrine, gives of the potion to = drink to=20 many of the innocent who live unguardedly, not giving = earnest=20 heed to the things they have heard (Heb. ii. 10), = and to=20 what they have been told by their fathers (Deut. xxxii. = 7), in=20 accordance with the Gospel and in agreement with the ancient = Doctors; and who, imagining that the preached and written = Word of=20 the LORD and the perpetual witness of His Church are not = sufficient=20 for their souls' salvation, impiously seek out novelties, as = we=20 change the fashion of our garments, embracing a counterfeit = of the=20 evangelical doctrine.

2. Hence have arisen manifold and monstrous heresies, = which the=20 Catholic Church, even from her infancy, taking unto her = the=20 whole armor of God, and assuming the sword of the Spirit, = which is=20 the Word of God (Eph. vi. 13-17,) has been compelled to = combat.=20 She has triumphed over all unto this day, and she will = triumph for=20 ever, being manifested as mightier and more illustrious = after each=20 struggle.

3. Of these heresies, some already have entirely = failed,=20 some are in decay, some have wasted away, some yet flourish = in a=20 greater or less degree vigorous until the time of their = return to=20 the Faith, while others are reproduced to run their course = from=20 their birth to their destruction. For being the miserable=20 cogitations and devices of miserable men, both one and the = other,=20 struck with the thunderbolt of the anathema of the seven = Ecumenical=20 Councils, shall vanish away, though they may last a thousand = years;=20 for the orthodoxy of the Catholic and Apostolic Church, by = the=20 living Word of God, alone endures for ever, according to the = infallible promise of the LORD: the gates of hell shall = not=20 prevail against it (Matt. xviii. 18). Certainly, the = mouths of=20 ungodly and heretical men, however bold, however plausible = and=20 fair-speaking, however smooth they may be, will not prevail = against=20 the orthodox doctrine winning, its way silently and without = noise.=20 But, wherefore doth the way of the wicked prosper? = (Jer.=20 xii. 1.) Why are the ungodly exalted and lifted up as = the cedars=20 of Lebanon (Ps. xxxvii. 35), to defile the peaceful = worship of=20 God? The reason of this is mysterious, and the Church, = though daily=20 praying that this cross, this messenger of Satan, may depart = from=20 her, ever hears from the Lord: My grace is = sufficient=20 for thee, my strength is made perfect in weakness (2. = Cor. xii.=20 9). Wherefore she gladly glories in her infirmities, = that the=20 power of Christ may rest upon her, and that they which are = approved=20 may be made manifest (1. Cor. x. 19).

4. Of these heresies diffused, with what sufferings the = LORD hath=20 known, over a great part of the world, was formerly = Arianism, and at=20 present is the Papacy. This, too, as the former has become = extinct,=20 although now flourishing, shall not endure, but pass away = and be=20 cast down, and a great voice from heaven shall cry: It = is cast=20 down (Rev. xii. 10).

5. The new doctrine, that "the Holy Ghost proceedeth from = the=20 Father and the Son," is contrary to the memorable = declaration of our=20 LORD, emphatically made respecting it: which proceedeth = from the=20 Father (John xv. 26), and contrary to the universal = Confession=20 of the Catholic Church as witnessed by the seven Ecumenical=20 Councils, uttering "which proceedeth from the Father." = (Symbol of=20 Faith).

i. This novel opinion destroys the oneness from the One = cause,=20 and the diverse origin of the Persons of the Blessed = Trinity, both=20 of which are witnessed to in the Gospel.

ii. Even into the divine Hypostases or Persons of the = Trinity,=20 of equal power and equally to be adored, it introduces = diverse and=20 unequal relations, with a confusion or commingling of = them.

iii. It reproaches as imperfect, dark, and difficult to = be=20 understood, the previous Confession of the One Holy = Catholic and=20 Apostolic Church.

iv. It censures the holy Fathers of the first = Ecumenical Synod=20 of Nice and of the second Ecumenical Synod at = Constantinople, as=20 imperfectly expressing what relates to the Son and Holy = Ghost, as=20 if they had been silent respecting the peculiar property = of each=20 Person of the Godhead, when it was necessary that all = their divine=20 properties should be expressed against the Arians and=20 Macedonians.

v. It reproaches the Fathers of the third, fourth, = fifth,=20 sixth, and seventh Ecumenical Councils, which had = published over=20 the world a divine Creed, perfect and complete, and = interdicted=20 under dread anathemas and penalties not removed, all = addition, or=20 diminution, or alteration, or variation in the smallest = particular=20 of it, by themselves or any whomsoever. Yet was this = quickly to be=20 corrected and augmented, and consequently the whole = theological=20 doctrine of the Catholic Fathers was to be subjected to = change, as=20 if, forsooth, a new property even in regard to the three = Persons=20 of the Blessed Trinity had been revealed.

vi. It clandestinely found an entrance at first in the = Churches=20 of the West, "a wolf in sheep's clothing," that is, under = the=20 signification not of procession, according to the = Greek=20 meaning in the Gospel and the Creed, but under the = signification=20 of mission, as Pope Martin explained it to the = Confessor=20 Maximus, and as Anastasius the Librarian explained it to = John=20 VIII.

vii. It exhibits incomparable boldness, acting without=20 authority, and forcibly puts a false stamp upon the Creed, = which=20 is the common inheritance of Christianity.

viii. It has introduced huge disturbances into the = peaceful=20 Church of God, and divided the nations.

ix. It was publicly proscribed, at its first = promulgation, by=20 two ever-to-be-remembered Popes, Leo III and John VIII, = the latter=20 of whom, in his epistle to the blessed Photius, classes = with Judas=20 those who first brought the interpolation into the = Creed.

x. It has been condemned by many Holy Councils of the = four=20 Patriarchs of the East.

xi. It was subjected to anathema, as a novelty and = augmentation=20 of the Creed, by the eighth Ecumenical Council, = congregated at=20 Constantinople for the pacification of the Eastern and = Western=20 Churches.

xii. As soon as it was introduced into the Churches of = the West=20 it brought forth disgraceful fruits, bringing with it, = little by=20 little, other novelties, for the most part contrary to the = express=20 commands of our Savior in the Gospel=E2=80=94commands = which till its=20 entrance into the Churches were closely observed. Among = these=20 novelties may be numbered sprinkling instead of baptism, = denial of=20 the divine Cup to the Laity, elevation of one and the same = bread=20 broken, the use of wafers, unleavened instead of real = bread, the=20 disuse of the Benediction in the Liturgies, even of the = sacred=20 Invocation of the All-holy and Consecrating Spirit, the=20 abandonment of the old Apostolic Mysteries of the Church, = such as=20 not anointing baptized infants, or their not receiving the = Eucharist, the exclusion of married men from the = Priesthood, the=20 infallibility of the Pope and his claim as Vicar of = Christ, and=20 the like. Thus it was that the interpolation led to the = setting=20 aside of the old Apostolic pattern of well nigh all the = Mysteries=20 and all doctrine, a pattern which the ancient, holy, and = orthodox=20 Church of Rome kept, when she was the most honored part of = the=20 Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church.

xiii. It drove the theologians of the West, as its = defenders,=20 since they had no ground either in Scripture or the = Fathers to=20 countenance heretical teachings, not only into = misrepresentations=20 of the Scriptures, such as are seen in none of the Fathers = of the=20 Holy Catholic Church, but also into adulterations of the = sacred=20 and pure writings of the Fathers alike of the East and = West.

xiv. It seemed strange, unheard of, and blasphemous, = even to=20 those reputed Christian communions, which, before its = origin, had=20 been for other just causes for ages cut off from the = Catholic=20 fold.

xv. It has not yet been even plausibly defended out of = the=20 Scriptures, or with the least reason out of the Fathers, = from the=20 accusations brought against it, notwithstanding all the = zeal and=20 efforts of its supporters. The doctrine bears all the = marks of=20 error arising out of its nature and peculiarities. All = erroneous=20 doctrine touching the Catholic truth of the Blessed = Trinity, and=20 the origin of the divine Persons, and the subsistence of = the Holy=20 Ghost, is and is called heresy, and they who so hold are = deemed=20 heretics, according to the sentence of St. Damasus, Pope = of Rome,=20 who says: "If any one rightly holds concerning the Father = and the=20 Son, yet holds not rightly of the Holy Ghost, he is an = heretic"=20 (Cath. Conf. of Faith which Pope Damasus sent to Paulinus, = Bishop=20 of Thessalonica). Wherefore the One, Holy, Catholic, and = Apostolic=20 Church, following in the steps of the holy Fathers, both = Eastern=20 and Western, proclaimed of old to our progenitors and = again=20 teaches today synodically, that the said novel doctrine of = the=20 Holy Ghost proceeding from the Father and the Son is = essentially=20 heresy, and its maintainers, whoever they be, are = heretics,=20 according to the sentence of Pope St. Damasus, and that = the=20 congregations of such are also heretical, and that all = spiritual=20 communion in worship of the orthodox sons of the Catholic = Church=20 with such is unlawful. Such is the force of the seventh = Canon of=20 the third Ecumenical Council.

6. This heresy, which has united to itself many = innovations, as=20 has been said, appeared about the middle of the seventh = century, at=20 first and secretly, and then under various disguises, over = the=20 Western Provinces of Europe, until by degrees, creeping = along for=20 four or five centuries, it obtained precedence over the = ancient=20 orthodoxy of those parts, through the heedlessness of = Pastors and=20 the countenance of Princes. Little by little it overspread = not only=20 the hitherto orthodox Churches of Spain, but also the = German, and=20 French, and Italian Churches, whose orthodoxy at one time = was=20 sounded throughout the world, with whom our divine Fathers = such as=20 the great Athanasius and heavenly Basil conferred, and whose = sympathy and fellowship with us until the seventh Ecumenical = Council, preserved unharmed the doctrine of the Catholic and = Apostolic Church. But in process of time, by envy of the = devil, the=20 novelties respecting the sound and orthodox doctrine of the = Holy=20 Ghost, the blasphemy of whom shall not be forgiven unto men = either=20 in this world or the next, according to the saying of our = Lord=20 (Matt. xii. 32), and others that succeeded respecting the = divine=20 Mysteries, particularly that of the world-saving Baptism, = and the=20 Holy Communion, and the Priesthood, like prodigious births,=20 overspread even Old Rome; and thus sprung, by assumption of = special=20 distinctions in the Church as a badge and title, the Papacy. = Some of=20 the Bishops of that City, styled Popes, for example Leo III = and John=20 VIII, did indeed, as has been said, denounce the innovation, = and=20 published the denunciation to the world, the former by those = silver=20 plates, the latter by his letter to the holy Photius at the = eighth=20 Ecumenical Council, and another to Sphendopulcrus, by the = hands of=20 Methodius, Bishop of Moravia. The greater part, however, of = their=20 successors, the Popes of Rome, enticed by the antisynodical=20 privileges offered them for the oppression of the Churches = of God,=20 and finding in them much worldly advantage, and "much gain," = and=20 conceiving a Monarchy in the Catholic Church and a monopoly = of the=20 gifts of the Holy Ghost, changed the ancient worship at = will,=20 separating themselves by novelties from the old received = Christian=20 Polity. Nor did they cease their endeavors, by lawless = projects (as=20 veritable history assures us), to entice the other four=20 Patriarchates into their apostasy from Orthodoxy, and so = subject the=20 Catholic Church to the whims and ordinances of men.

7. Our illustrious predecessors and fathers, with united = labor=20 and counsel, seeing the evangelical doctrine received from = the=20 Fathers to be trodden under foot, and the robe of our Savior = woven=20 from above to be torn by wicked hands, and stimulated by = fatherly=20 and brotherly love, wept for the desolation of so many = Christians=20 for whom Christ died. They exercised much zeal and = ardor,=20 both synodically and individually, in order that the = orthodox=20 doctrine of the Holy Catholic Church being saved, they might = knit=20 together as far as they were able that which had been rent; = and like=20 approved physicians they consulted together for the safety = of the=20 suffering member, enduring many tribulations, and contempts, = and=20 persecutions, if haply the Body of Christ might not be = divided, or=20 the definitions of the divine and august Synods be made of = none=20 effect. But veracious history has transmitted to us the=20 relentlessness of the Western perseverance in error. These=20 illustrious men proved indeed on this point the truth of the = words=20 of our holy father Basil the sublime, when he said, from = experience,=20 concerning the Bishops of the West, and particularly of the = Pope:=20 "They neither know the truth nor endure to learn it, = striving=20 against those who tell them the truth, and strengthening = themselves=20 in their heresy" (to Eusebius of Samosata). Thus, after a = first and=20 second brotherly admonition, knowing their impenitence, = shaking them=20 off and avoiding them, they gave them over to their = reprobate mind.=20 "War is better than peace, apart from God," as said our holy = father=20 Gregory, concerning the Arians. From that time there has = been no=20 spiritual communion between us and them; for they have with = their=20 own hands dug deep the chasm between themselves and = Orthodoxy.

8. Yet the Papacy has not on this account ceased to annoy = the=20 peaceful Church of God, but sending out everywhere so-called = missionaries, men of reprobate minds, it compasses land = and sea=20 to make one proselyte, to deceive one of the Orthodox, = to=20 corrupt the doctrine of our LORD, to adulterate, by = addition, the=20 divine Creed of our holy Faith, to prove the Baptism which = God gave=20 us superfluous, the communion of the Cup void of sacred = efficacy,=20 and a thousand other things which the demon of novelty = dictated to=20 the all-daring Schoolmen of the Middle Ages and to the = Bishops of=20 the elder Rome, venturing all things through lust of power. = Our=20 blessed predecessors and fathers, in their piety, though = tried and=20 persecuted in many ways and means, within and without, = directly and=20 indirectly, "yet confident in the LORD," were able to save = and=20 transmit to us this inestimable inheritance of our fathers, = which we=20 too, by the help of God, will transmit as a rich treasure to = the=20 generations to come, even to the end of the world. But=20 notwithstanding this, the Papists do not cease to this day, = nor will=20 cease, according to wont, to attack Orthodoxy,=E2=80=94a = daily living=20 reproach which they have before their eyes, being deserters = from the=20 faith of their fathers. Would that they made these = aggressions=20 against the heresy which has overspread and mastered the = West. For=20 who doubts that had their zeal for the overthrow of = Orthodoxy been=20 employed for the overthrow of heresy and novelties, = agreeable to the=20 God-loving counsels of Leo III and John VIII, those glorious = and=20 last Orthodox Popes, not a trace of it, long ago, would have = been=20 remembered under the sun, and we should now be saying the = same=20 things, according to the Apostolic promise. But the zeal of = those=20 who succeeded them was not for the protection of the = Orthodox Faith,=20 in conformity with the zeal worthy of all remembrance which = was in=20 Leo III., now among the blessed.

9. In a measure the aggressions of the later Popes in = their own=20 persons had ceased, and were carried on only by means of=20 missionaries. But lately, Pius IX., becoming Bishop of Rome = and=20 proclaimed Pope in 1847, published on the sixth of January, = in this=20 present year, an Encyclical Letter addressed to the = Easterns,=20 consisting of twelve pages in the Greek version, which his = emissary=20 has disseminated, like a plague coming from without, within = our=20 Orthodox Fold. In this Encyclical, he addresses those who at = different times have gone over from different Christian = Communions,=20 and embraced the Papacy, and of course are favorable to him, = extending his arguments also to the Orthodox, either = particularly or=20 without naming them; and, citing our divine and holy Fathers = (p. 3,=20 1.14-18; p. 4, 1.19; p. 9, 1.6; and pp. 17, 23), he = manifestly=20 calumniates them and us their successors and descendants: = them, as=20 if they admitted readily the Papal commands and rescripts = without=20 question because issuing from the Popes is undoubted = arbiters of the=20 Catholic Church; us, as unfaithful to their examples (for = thus he=20 trespasses on the Fold committed to us by God), as severed = from our=20 Fathers, as careless of our sacred trusts, and of the soul's = salvation of our spiritual children. Usurping as his own = possession=20 the Catholic Church of Christ, by occupancy, as he boasts, = of the=20 Episcopal Throne of St. Peter, he desires to deceive the = more simple=20 into apostasy from Orthodoxy, choosing for the basis of all=20 theological instruction these paradoxical words (p. 10, = 1.29): "nor=20 is there any reason why ye refuse a return to the true = Church and=20 Communion with this my holy Throne."

10. Each one of our brethren and sons in Christ who have = been=20 piously brought up and instructed, wisely regarding the = wisdom given=20 him from God, will decide that the words of the present = Bishop of=20 Rome, like those of his schismatical predecessors, are not = words of=20 peace, as he affirms (p. 7,1.8), and of benevolence, but = words of=20 deceit and guile, tending to self-aggrandizement, agreeably = to the=20 practice of his antisynodical predecessors. We are therefore = sure,=20 that even as heretofore, so hereafter the Orthodox will not = be=20 beguiled. For the word of our LORD is sure (John x. 5), = A=20 stranger will they not follow, but flee from him, for they = know not=20 the voice of strangers.

11. For all this we have esteemed it our paternal and = brotherly=20 need, and a sacred duty, by our present admonition to = confirm you in=20 the Orthodoxy you hold from your forefathers, and at the = same time=20 point out the emptiness of the syllogisms of the Bishop of = Rome, of=20 which he is manifestly himself aware. For not from his = Apostolic=20 Confession does he glorify his Throne, but from his = Apostolic Throne=20 seeks to establish his dignity, and from his dignity, his=20 Confession. The truth is the other way. The Throne of Rome = is=20 esteemed that of St. Peter by a single tradition, but not = from Holy=20 Scripture, where the claim is in favor of Antioch, whose = Church is=20 therefore witnessed by the great Basil (Ep. 48 Athan.) to be = "the=20 most venerable of all the Churches in the world." Still = more, the=20 second Ecumenical Council, writing to a Council of the West = (to the=20 most honorable and religious brethren and fellow-servants, = Damasus,=20 Ambrose, Britto, Valerian, and others), witnesseth, saying: = "The=20 oldest and truly Apostolic Church of Antioch, in Syria, = where first=20 the honored name of Christians was used." We say then that = the=20 Apostolic Church of Antioch had no right of exemption from = being=20 judged according to divine Scripture and synodical = declarations,=20 though truly venerated for the throne of St. Peter. But what = do we=20 say? The blessed Peter, even in his own person, was judged = before=20 all for the truth of the Gospel, and, as Scripture declares, = was=20 found blamable and not walking uprightly. What opinion is to = be=20 formed of those who glory and pride themselves solely in the = possession of his Throne, so great in their eyes? Nay, the = sublime=20 Basil the great, the Ecumenical teacher of Orthodoxy in the = Catholic=20 Church, to whom the Bishops of Rome are obliged to refer us = (p. 8,=20 1.31), has clearly and explicitly above ( 7) shown us what=20 estimation we ought to have of the judgments of the = inaccessible=20 Vatican:=E2=80=94"They neither," he says, "know the truth, = nor endure to=20 learn it, striving against those who tell them the truth, = and=20 strengthening themselves in their heresy." So that these our = holy=20 Fathers whom his Holiness the Pope, worthily admiring as = lights and=20 teachers even of the West, accounts as belonging to us, and = advises=20 us (p. 8) to follow, teach us not to judge Orthodoxy from = the holy=20 Throne, but the Throne itself and him that is on the Throne = by the=20 sacred Scriptures, by Synodical decrees and limitations, and = by the=20 Faith which has been preached, even the Orthodoxy of = continuous=20 teaching. Thus did our Fathers judge and condemn Honorius, = Pope of=20 Rome, and Dioscorus, Pope of Alexandria, and Macedonius and=20 Nestorius, Patriarchs of Constantinople, and Peter Gnapheus, = Patriarch of Antioch, with others. For if the = abomination of=20 desolation stood in the Holy Place, why not innovation = and=20 heresy upon a holy Throne? Hence is exhibited in a brief = compass the=20 weakness and feebleness of the efforts in behalf of the = despotism of=20 the Pope of Rome. For, unless the Church of Christ was = founded upon=20 the immovable rock of St. Peter=E2=80=99s Confession, = Thou art the=20 Christ, the Son of the Living God (which was = the=20 answer of the Apostles in common, when the question was put = to them,=20 Whom say ye that I am? (Matt. xvi. 15,) as the = Fathers,=20 both Eastern and Western, interpret the passage to us), the = Church=20 was built upon a slippery foundation, even on Cephas = himself, not to=20 say on the Pope, who, after monopolizing the Keys of the = Kingdom of=20 Heaven, has made such an administration of them as is plain = from=20 history. But our divine Fathers, with one accord, teach that = the=20 sense of the thrice-repeated command, Feed my sheep,=20 implied no prerogative in St. Peter over the other = Apostles,=20 least of all in his successors. It was a simple restoration = to his=20 Apostleship, from which he had fallen by his thrice-repeated = denial.=20 St. Peter himself appears to have understood the intention = of the=20 thrice-repeated question of our Lord: Lovest thou Me, = and=20 more, and than these?. (John xxi. 16;) = for,=20 calling to mind the words, Thou all shall be offended = because of=20 Thee, yet will 1 never be offended (Matt. xxvi. 33), he = was grieved because He said unto him the third = time,=20 Lovest thou Me? But his successors, from self-interest, = understand the expression as indicative of St. Peter's more = ready=20 mind.

12. His Holiness the Pope says (p. viii. 1.12.) that our = LORD=20 said to Peter (Luke xxii. 32), I have prayed for thee, = that thy=20 faith fail not: and when thou art converted, strengthen thy=20 brethren. Our LORD so prayed because Satan had sought = to=20 overthrow the faith of all the disciples, but the LORD = allowed him=20 Peter only, chiefly because he had uttered words of = boasting, and=20 justified himself above the rest (Matt. xxvi. 33): = Though all=20 shall be offended, because of thee, yet will I never be = offended.=20 The permission to Satan was but temporary. He began = to=20 curse and to swear: I know not the man. So = weak is=20 human nature, left to itself. The spirit is willing, but = the=20 flesh is weak. It was but temporary, that, coming again = to=20 himself by his return in tears of repentance, he might the = rather=20 strengthen his brethren who had neither perjured themselves = nor=20 denied. Oh! the wise judgment of the LORD! How divine and = mysterious=20 was the last night of our Savior upon earth! That sacred = Supper is=20 believed to be consecrated to this day in every Church: = This do=20 in remembrance of me (Luke xxii. 19), and As often = as=20 ye eat this bread and drink this cup, ye do show the = LORD's=20 death till he come (1 Cor. xi. 26). Of the brotherly = love thus=20 earnest1y commended to us by the common Master, saying, = By this=20 shall all men know that ye are my disciple, if ye have love = one to=20 another (John xiii. 35), have the Popes first broken = the stamp=20 and seal, supporting and receiving heretical novelties, = contrary to=20 the things delivered to us and canonically confirmed by our = Teachers=20 and Fathers in common. This love acts at this day with power = in the=20 souls of Christian people, and particularly in their = leaders. We=20 boldly avow before God and men, that the prayer of our = Savior (p.=20 ix. l.43) to God and His Father for the common love and = unity of=20 Christians in the One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church, in = which=20 we believe, that they may be one, ever as we are one = (John=20 xvii. 22), worketh in us no less than in his Holiness. Our = brotherly=20 love and zeal meet that of his Holiness, with only this = difference,=20 that in us it worketh for the covenanted preservation of the = pure,=20 undefiled, divine, spotless, and perfect Creed of the = Christian=20 Faith, in conformity to the voice of the Gospel and the = decrees of=20 the seven holy Ecumenical Synods and the teachings of the=20 ever-existing Catholic Church: but worketh in his Holiness = to prop=20 and strengthen the authority and dignity of them that sit on = the=20 Apostolic Throne, and their new doctrine. Behold then, the = head and=20 front, so to speak, of all the differences and disagreements = that=20 have happened between us and them, and the middle wall of = partition,=20 which we hope will be taken away in the time of is Holiness, = and by=20 the aid of his renowned wisdom, according to the promise of = God (St.=20 John x. 16): "Other sheep I have which are not of this = fold:=20 them also 1 must bring and they shall hear my voice = (Who=20 proceedeth from the Father "). Let it be said = then, in=20 the third place, that if it be supposed, according to the = words of=20 his Holiness, that this prayer of our LORD for Peter when = about to=20 deny and perjure himself, remained attached and united to = the Throne=20 of Peter, and is transmitted with power to those who from = time to=20 time sit upon it, although, as has before been said, nothing = contributes to confirm the opinion (as we are strikingly = assured=20 from the example of the blessed Peter himself, even after = the=20 descent of the Holy Ghost, yet are we convinced from the = words of=20 our LORD, that the time will come when that divine prayer = concerning=20 the denial of Peter, "that his faith might not fail for = ever" will=20 operate also in some one of the successors of his Throne, = who will=20 also weep, as he did, bitterly, and being sometime converted = will=20 strengthen us, his brethren, still more in the Orthodox = Confession,=20 which we hold from our forefathers;=E2=80=94and would that = his Holiness=20 might be this true successor of the blessed Peter! To this = our=20 humble prayer, what hinders that we should add our sincere = and=20 hearty Counsel in the name of the Holy Catholic Church? We = dare not=20 say, as does his Holiness (p. x. 1.22), that it should be = done=20 "without any delay;" but without haste, utter mature = consideration,=20 and also, if need be, after consultation with the more wise, = religious, truth-loving, and prudent of the Bishops, = Theologians,=20 and Doctors, to be found at the present day, by God's good=20 Providence, in every nation of the West.

13. His Holiness says that the Bishop of Lyons, St. = Irenaeus,=20 writes in praise of the Church of Rome: "That the whole = Church,=20 namely, the faithful from everywhere, must come together in = that=20 Church, because of its Primacy, in which Church the = tradition, given=20 by the Apostles, has in all respects been observed by the = faithful=20 everywhere." Although this saint says by no means what the = followers=20 of the Vatican would make out, yet even granting their=20 interpretation, we reply: Who denies that the ancient Roman = Church=20 was Apostolic and Orthodox? None of us will question that it = was a=20 model of orthodoxy. We will specially add, for its greater = praise,=20 from the historian Sozomen (Hist. Eccl. lib. iii. cap. 12), = the=20 passage, which his Holiness has overlooked, respecting the = mode by=20 which for a time she was enabled to preserve the orthodoxy = which we=20 praise:=E2=80=94"For, as everywhere," saith Sozomen, "the = Church throughout=20 the West, being guided purely by the doctrines of the = Fathers,=20 was delivered from contention and deception concerning = these=20 things." Would any of the Fathers or ourselves deny her = canonical=20 privilege in the rank of the hierarchy, so long as she = was=20 guided purely by the doctrines of the Fathers, walking = by the=20 plain rule of Scripture and the holy Synods! But at present = we do=20 not find preserved in her the dogma of the Blessed Trinity = according=20 to the Creed of the holy Fathers assembled first in Nicea = and=20 afterwards in Constantinople, which the other five = Ecumenical=20 Councils confessed and confirmed with such anathemas on = those who=20 adulterated it in the smallest particular, as if they had = thereby=20 destroyed it. Nor do we find the Apostolical pattern of holy = Baptism, nor the Invocation of the consecrating Spirit upon = the holy=20 elements: but we see in that Church the eucharistic Cup, = heavenly=20 drink, considered superfluous, (what profanity!) and very = many other=20 things, unknown not only to our holy Fathers, who were = always=20 entitled the catholic, clear rule and index of Orthodoxy, as = his=20 Holiness, revering the truth, himself teaches (p. vi), but = also=20 unknown to the ancient holy Fathers of the West. We see that = very=20 primacy, for which his Holiness now contends with all his = might, as=20 did his predecessors, transformed from a brotherly character = and=20 hierarchical privilege into a lordly superiority. What then = is to be=20 thought of his unwritten traditions, if the written have = undergone=20 such a change and alteration for the worse ? Who is so bold = and=20 confident in the dignity of the Apostolic Throne, as to dare = to say=20 that if our holy Father, Sr. Irenaeus, were alive again, = seeing it=20 was fallen from the ancient and primitive teaching in so = many most=20 essential and catholic articles of Christianity, he would = not be=20 himself the first to oppose the novelties and = self-sufficient=20 constitutions of that Church which was lauded by him as = guided=20 purely by the doctrines of the Fathers? For instance, = when he=20 saw the Roman Church not only rejecting from her Liturgical = Canon,=20 according to the suggestion of the Schoolmen, the very = ancient and=20 Apostolic invocation of the Consecrating Spirit, and = miserably=20 mutilating the Sacrifice in its most essential part, but = also=20 urgently hastening to cut it out from the Liturgies of other = Christian Communions also,=E2=80=94his Holiness slanderously = asserting, in a=20 manner so unworthy of the Apostolic Throne on which he = boasts=20 himself, that it "crept in after t.he division between the = East and=20 West" (p. xi. 1.11)=E2=80=94what would not the holy Father = say respecting=20 this novelty ? Irenaeus assures us (lib. iv. c. 34) "that = bread,=20 from the ground, receiving the evocation of God, is no = longer common=20 bread," etc., meaning by "evocation" invocation: = for that=20 Irenaeus believed the Mystery of the Sacrifice to be = consecrated by=20 means of this invocation is especially remarked even by = Franciscus=20 Feu-Ardentius, of the order of popish monks called = Minorites, who in=20 1639 edited the writings of that saint with comments, who = says (lib.=20 i. c. 18, p. 114,) that Irenaeus teaches "that the bread and = mixed=20 cup become the true Body and Blood of Christ by the words of = invocation." Or, hearing of the vicarial and appellate = jurisdiction=20 of the Pope, what would not the Saint say, who, for a small = and=20 almost indifferent question concerning the celebration of = Easter=20 (Euseb. Eccl. Hist. v. 26), so boldly and victoriously = opposed and=20 defeated the violence of Pope Victor in the free Church of = Christ?=20 Thus he who is cited by his Holiness as a witness of the = primacy of=20 the Roman Church, shows that its dignity is not that of a = lordship,=20 nor even appellate, to which St. Peter himself was never = ordained,=20 but is a brotherly privilege in the Catholic Church, and an = honor=20 assigned the Popes on account of the greatness and privilege = of the=20 City. Thus, also, the fourth Ecumenical Council, for the=20 preservation of the gradation in rank of Churches = canonically=20 established by the third Ecumenical Council (Canon = 8),=E2=80=94following the=20 second (Canon 3), as that again followed the first (Canon = 6), which=20 called the appellate jurisdiction of the Pope over the West = a=20 Custom,=E2=80=94thus uttered its determination: "On = account of that=20 City being the Imperial City, the Fathers have with reason = given it=20 prerogatives" (Canon 28). Here is nothing said of the Pope's = special=20 monopoly of the Apostolicity of St. Peter, still less of a = vicarship=20 in Rome's Bishops, and an universal Pastorate. This deep = silence in=20 regard to such great privileges=E2=80=94nor only so, but the = reason assigned=20 for the primacy, not "Feed my sheep," not "On = this rock=20 will I build my Church," but simply old Custom, and the = City=20 being the Imperial City; and these things, not from the = LORD, but=20 from the Fathers=E2=80=94will seem, we are sure, a great = paradox to his=20 Holiness entertaining other ideas of his prerogatives. The = paradox=20 will be the greater, since, as we shall see, he greatly = honors the=20 said fourth Ecumenical Synod as one to be found a witness = for his=20 Throne; and St. Gregory, the eloquent, called the Great = (lib. i. Ep.=20 25), was wont to speak of the four (Ecumenical Councils [not = the=20 Roman See] as the four Gospels, and the four-sided stone on = which=20 the Catholic Church is built.

14. His Holiness says (p. ix. 1.12) that the Corinthians, = divided=20 among themselves, referred the matter to Clement, Pope of = Rome, who=20 wrote to them his decision on the case; and they so prized = his=20 decision that they read it in the Churches. But this event = is a very=20 weak support for the Papal authority in the house of God. = For Rome=20 being then the center of the Imperial Province and the chief = City,=20 in which the Emperors lived, it was proper that any question = of=20 importance, as history shows that of the Corinthians to have = been,=20 should be decided there, especially if one of the contending = parties=20 ran thither for external aid: as is done even to this day. = The=20 Patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem, when = unexpected=20 points of difficulty arise, write to the Patriarch of=20 Constantinople, because of its being the seat of Empire, as = also on=20 account of its synodical privileges; and if this brotherly = aid shall=20 rectify that which should be rectified, it is well; but if = not, the=20 matter is reported to the province, according to the = established=20 system. But this brotherly agreement in Christian faith is = not=20 purchased by the servitude of the Churches of God. Let this = be our=20 answer also to the examples of a fraternal and proper = championship=20 of the privileges of Julius and Innocent Bishops of Rome, by = St.=20 Athanasius the Great and St. John Chrysostom, referred to by = his=20 Holiness (p. ix. 1. 6,17), for which their successors now = seek to=20 recompense us by adulterating the divine Creed. Yet was = Julius=20 himself indignant against some for " disturbing the Churches = by not=20 maintaining the doctrines of Nice" (Soz. Hist. Ec. lib. iii. = c. 7),=20 and threatening (id.) excommunication, "if they ceased not = their=20 innovations." In the case of the Corinthians, moreover, it = is to be=20 remarked that the Patriarchal Thrones being then but three, = Rome was=20 the nearer and more accessible to the Corinthians, to which, = therefore, it was proper to have resort. In all this we see = nothing=20 extraordinary, nor any proof of the despotic power of the = Pope in=20 the free Church of God.

15. But, finally, his Holiness says (p. ix. l.12) that = the fourth=20 Ecumenical Council (which by mistake he quite transfers from = Chalcedon to Carthage), when it read the epistle of Pope Leo = I,=20 cried out, "Peter has thus spoken by Leo." It was so indeed. = But his=20 Holiness ought not to overlook how, and after what = examination, our=20 fathers cried out, as they did, in praise of Leo. Since = however his=20 Holiness, consulting brevity, appears to have omitted this = most=20 necessary point, and the manifest proof that an Ecumenical = Council=20 is not only above the Pope but above any Council of his, we = will=20 explain to the public the matter as it really happened. Of = more than=20 six hundred fathers assembled in the Counci1 of Chalcedon, = about two=20 hundred of the wisest were appointed by the Council to = examine both=20 as to language and sense the said epistle of Leo; nor only = so, but=20 to give in writing and with their signatures their own = judgment upon=20 it, whether it were orthodox or not. These, about two = hundred=20 judgments and resolution on the epistle, as chiefly found in = the=20 Fourth Session of the said holy Council in such terms as the = following:=E2=80=94"Maximus of Antioch in Syria said: 'The = epistle of the=20 holy Leo, Archbishop of Imperial Rome, agrees with the = decisions of=20 the three hundred and eighteen holy fathers at Nice, and the = hundred=20 and fifty at Constantinople, which is new Rome, and with the = faith=20 expounded at Ephesus by the most holy Bishop Cyril: and I = have=20 subscribed it."

And again:

"Theodoret,the most religious Bishop of Cyrus: 'The = epistle of=20 the most holy Archbishop, the lord Leo, agrees with the = faith=20 established at Nice by the holy and blessed fathers, and = with the=20 symbol of faith expounded at Constantinople by the hundred = and=20 fifty, and with the epistles of the blessed Cyril. And = accepting it,=20 I have subscribed the said epistle."'

And thus all in succession: "The epistle corresponds," = "the=20 epistle is consonant,"the epistle agrees in sense," and the = like.=20 After such great and very severe scrutiny in comparing it = with=20 former holy Councils, and a full conviction of the = correctness of=20 the meaning, and not merely because it was the epistle of = the Pope,=20 they cried aloud, ungrudgingly, the exclamation on which his = Holiness now vaunts himself: But if his Holiness had sent us = statements concordant and in unison with the seven holy = Ecumenical=20 Councils, instead of boasting of the piety of his = predecessors=20 lauded by our predecessors and fathers in an Ecumenical = Council, he=20 might justly have gloried in his own orthodoxy, declaring = his own=20 goodness instead of that of his fathers. Therefore let his = Holiness=20 be assured, that if, even now, he will write us such things = as two=20 hundred fathers on investigation and inquiry shall find = consonant=20 and agreeing with the said former Councils, then, we say, he = shall=20 hear from us sinners today, not only, "Peter has so spoken," = or=20 anything of like honor, but this also, "Let the holy hand be = kissed=20 which has wiped away the tears of the Catholic Church."

16. And surely we have a right to expect from the prudent = forethought of his Holiness, a work so worthy the true = successor of=20 St. Peter, of Leo I, and also of Leo III, who for security = of the=20 orthodox faith engraved the divine Creed unaltered upon = imperishable=20 plates=E2=80=94a work which will unite the churches of the = West to the holy=20 Catholic Church, in which the canonical chief seat of his = Holiness,=20 and the seats of all the Bishops of the West remain empty = and ready=20 to be occupied. For the Catholic Church, awaiting the = conversion of=20 the shepherds who have fallen off from her with their = flocks, does=20 not separate in name only, those who have been privily = introduced to=20 the rulership by the action of others, thus making little of = the=20 Priesthood. But we are expecting the "word of consolation," = and hope=20 that he, as wrote St. Basil to St.Ambrose, Bishop of Milan = (Epis.=20 b6), will "tread again the ancient footprints of the = fathers." Not=20 without great astonishment have we read the said Encyclical = letter=20 to the Easterns, in which we see with deep grief of soul his = Holiness, famed for prudence, speaking like his predecessors = in=20 schism, words that urge upon us the adulteration of our pure = holy=20 Creed, on which the Ecumenical Councils have set their seal; = and=20 doing violence to the sacred Liturgies, whose heavenly = structure=20 alone, and the names of those who framed them, and their = tone of=20 reverend antiquity, and the stamp that was placed upon them = by the=20 Seventh Ecumenical Synod (Act vi.), should have paralyzed = him, and=20 made him to turn aside the sacrilegious and all-daring hand = that has=20 thus smitten the King of Glory. From these things we = estimate into=20 what an unspeakable labyrinth of wrong and incorrigible sin = of=20 revolution the papacy has thrown even the wiser and more = godly=20 Bishops of the Roman Church, so that, in order to preserve = the=20 innocent, and therefore valued vicarial dignity, as well as = the=20 despotic primacy and the things depending upon it, they know = no=20 other means shall to insult the most divine and sacred = things,=20 daring everything for that one end. Clothing themselves, in = words,=20 with pious reverence for "the most venerable antiquity" (p. = xi.=20 1.16), in reality there remains, within, the innovating = temper; and=20 yet his Holiness really hears hard upon himself when he says = that we=20 "must cast from us everything that has crept in among us = since the=20 Separation," (!) while he and his have spread the poison of = their=20 innovation even into the Supper of our LORD. His Holiness = evidently=20 takes it for granted that in the Orthodox Church the same = thing has=20 happened which he is conscious has happened in the Church of = Rome=20 since the rise of the Papacy: to wit, a sweeping change in = all the=20 Mysteries, and corruption from scholastic subtleties, a = reliance on=20 which must suffice as an equivalent for our sacred Liturgies = and=20 Mysteries and doctrines: yet all the while, forsooth, = reverencing=20 our "venerable antiquity," and all this by a condescension = entirely=20 Apostolic!=E2=80=94"without," as he says, "troubling us by = any harsh=20 conditions"! From such ignorance of the Apostolic and = Catholic food=20 on which we live emanates another sententious declaration of = his (p.=20 vii. 1. 22): "It is not possible that unity of doctrine and = sacred=20 observance should be preserved among you," paradoxically = ascribing=20 to us the very misfortune from which he suffers at home; = just as=20 Pope Leo IX wrote to the blessed Michael Cerularius, = accusing the=20 Greeks of changing the Creed of the Catholic Church, without = blushing either for his own honor or for the truth of=20 history. We are persuaded that if his Holiness will = call to=20 mind ecclesiastical archaeology and history, the doctrine = of=20 the holy Fathers and the old Liturgies of France and = Spain, and=20 the Sacramentary of the ancient Roman Church, he will be = struck with=20 surprise on finding how many other monstrous daughters, now = living,=20 the Papacy has brought forth in the West: while Orthodoxy, = with us,=20 has preserved the Catholic Church as an incorruptible bride = for her=20 Bridegroom, although we have no temporal power, nor, as his = Holiness=20 says, any sacred "observances," but by the sole tie of love = and=20 affection to a common Mother are bound together in the unity = of a=20 faith sealed with the seven seals of the Spirit (Rev. v. 1), = and by=20 the seven Ecumenical Councils, and in obedience to the = Truth. He=20 will find, also, flow many modern papistical doctrines and = mysteries=20 must be rejected as "commandments of men" in order that the = Church=20 of the West, which has introduced all sorts of = novelties,=20 may be changed back again to the immutable Catholic Orthodox = faith=20 of our common fathers. As his Holiness recognizes our common = zeal in=20 this faith, when he says (p. viii. l.30), "let us take heed = to the=20 doctrine preserved by our forefathers," so he does well in=20 instructing us (l. 31) to follow the old pontiffs and the = faithful=20 of the Eastern Metropolitans. What these thought of the = doctrinal=20 fidelity of the Archbishops of the elder Rome, and what idea = we=20 ought to have of them in the Orthodox Church, and in what = manner we=20 ought to receive their teachings, they have synodically = given us an=20 example ( 15), and the sublime Basil has well interpreted it = ( 7).=20 As to the supremacy, since we are not setting forth a = treatise, let=20 the same great Basil present the matter in a f'ew words, "I=20 preferred to address myself to Him who is Head over = them."

17. From all this, every one nourished in sound Catholic=20 doctrine, particularly his Holiness, must draw the = conclusion, how=20 impious and anti-synodical it is to attempt the alteration = of our=20 doctrine and liturgies and other divine offices which are, = and are=20 proved to be, coeval with the preaching of Christianity: for = which=20 reason reverence was always bestowed on then, and they were = confided=20 in as pure even by the old orthodox Popes themselves, to = whom these=20 things were an inheritance in common with ourselves. How = becoming=20 and holy would be the mending of the innovations, the time = of whose=20 entrance in the Church of Rome we know in each case; for our = illustrious fathers have testified from time to time against = each=20 novelty. But there are other reasons which should incline = his=20 Holiness to this change. First, because those things that = are ours=20 were once venerable to the Westerns, as having the same = divine=20 Offices and confessing the same Creed; but the novelties = were not=20 known to our Fathers, nor could they be shown in the = writings of the=20 orthodox Western Fathers, nor as having their origin either = in=20 antiquity or catholicity. Moreover, neither Patriarchs nor = Councils=20 could then have introduced novelties amongst us, because the = protector of religion is the very body of the Church, even = the=20 people themselves, who desire their religious worship to be = ever=20 unchanged and of the same kind as that of their fathers: for = as,=20 after the Schism, many of the Popes and Latinizing = Patriarchs made=20 attempts that came to nothing even in the Western Church; = and as,=20 from time to time, either by fair means or foul, the Popes = have=20 commanded novelties for the sake of expediency (as they have = explained to our f'athers, although they were thus = dismembering the=20 Body of Christ): so now again the Pope, for the sake of a = truly=20 divine and most just expediency, forsooth (not mending the = nets, but=20 himself rending the garment of the Savior), dare to oppose = the=20 venerable things of antiquity,=E2=80=94things well fitted to = preserve=20 religion, as his Holiness confesses (p. xi. l.16), and which = he=20 himself honors, as he says (lb. 1.16), together with his=20 predecessors, for he repeats that memorable expression o one = of=20 those blessed predecessors (Celestine, writing to the third=20 Ecumenical Council): "Let novelty cease to attack=20 antiquity." And let the Catholic Church enjoy this = benefit from=20 this so far blameless declaration of the Popes. It must by = all means=20 be confessed, that in such his attempt, even though Pius IX = be=20 eminent for wisdom and piety, and, as he says, for zeal = after=20 Christian unity in the Catholic Church, he will meet, within = and=20 without, with difficulties and toils. And here we must put = his=20 Holiness in mind, if he will excuse our boldness, of that = portion of=20 his letter (p. viii. L.32), "That in things which relate to = the=20 confession of our divine religion, nothing is to be feared, = when we=20 look to the glory of Christ, and the reward which awaits us = in=20 eternal life." It is incumbent on his Holiness to show = before God=20 and man, that, as prime mover of the counsel which pleases = God, so=20 is he a willing protector of the ill-treated evangelical and = synodical truth, even to the sacrifice of his own interests, = according to the Prophet (Is. lx. 17), A ruler in peace = and=20 a bishop in righteousness. So be it! But = until=20 there be this desired returning of the apostate Churches to = the body=20 of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church, of which=20 Christ is the Head (Eph. iv. 15), and each of us=20 "members in particular," all advice proceeding from = them,=20 and every officious exhortation tending to the dissolution = of our=20 pure faith handed down from the Fathers is condemned, as it = ought to=20 be, synodically, not only as suspicious and to be eschewed, = but as=20 impious and soul-destroying: and in this category, among the = first=20 we place the said Encyclical to the Easterns from = Pope Pius=20 IX, Bishop of the elder Rome; and such we proclaim it to be = in the=20 Catholic Church.

18. Wherefore, beloved brethren and fellow-ministers of = our=20 mediocrity, as always, so also now, particularly on this = occasion of=20 the publication of the said Encyclical, we hold it to be our = inexorable duty, in accordance with our patriarchal and = synodical=20 responsibility, in order that none may be lost to the divine = fold of=20 the Catholic Orthodox Church, the most holy Mother of us = all, to=20 encourage each other, and to urge you that, reminding one = another of=20 the words and exhortations of St. Paul to our holy = predecessors when=20 he summoned them to Ephesus, we reiterate to each other: = take=20 heed, therefore, unto yourselves, and to all the flock, over = the=20 which the Holy Ghost hath made you overseers, to feed the = Church of=20 God, which He hath purchased with His own Blood. = For know=20 this, that after my departing shall grievous wolves enter in = among=20 you not sparing the flock. Also of your own selves shall men = arise,=20 speaking perverse things, to draw away disciples after them. = Therefore,watch. (Acts xx.28-31.) Then our predecessors = and=20 Fathers, hearing this divine charge, wept sore, and falling = upon his=20 neck, kissed him. Come, then, and let us, brethren, hearing = him=20 admonishing us with tears, fall in spirit, lamenting, upon = his neck,=20 and, kissing him, comfort him by our own firm assurance, = that no one=20 shall separate us from the love of Christ, no one mislead us = from=20 evangelical doctrine, no one entice us from the safe path of = our=20 fathers, as none was able to deceive them, by any degree of = zeal=20 which they manifested, who from time to time were raised up = for this=20 purpose by the tempter: so that at last we shall hear from = the=20 Master: Well done, good and faithful servant, = receiving the=20 end of our faith, even the salvation of our souls, and of = the=20 reasonable flock over whom the Holy Ghost has made us = shepherds.

19. This Apostolic charge and exhortation we have quoted = for your=20 sake, and address it to all the Orthodox congregation, = wherever they=20 be found settled on the earth, to the Priests and Abbots, to = the=20 Deacons and Monks, in a word, to all the Clergy and godly = People,=20 the rulers and the ruled, the rich and the poor, to parents = and=20 children, to teachers and scholars, to the educated and = uneducated,=20 to masters and servants, that we all, supporting and = counseling each=20 other, may be able to stand against the wiles of the = devil.=20 For thus St. Peter the Apostle exhorts us (1 Pet.): = Be=20 sober, be vigilant because your adversary the devil, as a = roaring=20 lion walketh about, seeking whom he may devour. Whom resist, = steadfast in the faith.

20. For our faith, brethren, is not of men nor by man, = but by=20 revelation of Jesus Christ, which the divine Apostles = preached, the=20 holy Ecumenical Councils confirmed, the greatest and wisest = teachers=20 of the world handed down in succession, and the shed blood = of the=20 holy martyrs ratified. Let us hold fast to the = confession=20 which we have received unadulterated from such men, = turning=20 away from every novelty as a suggestion of the devil. He = that=20 accepts a novelty reproaches with deficiency the preached = Orthodox=20 Faith. But that Faith has long ago been sealed in = completeness, not=20 to admit of diminution or increase, or any change whatever; = and he=20 who dares to do, or advise, or think of such a thing has = already=20 denied the faith of Christ, has already of his own accord = been=20 struck with an eternal anathema, for blaspheming the Holy = Ghost as=20 not having spoken fully in the Scriptures and through the = Ecumenical=20 Councils. This fearful anathema, brethren and sons beloved = in=20 Christ, we do not pronounce today, but our Savior first = pronounced=20 it (Matt. xii. 32): Whosoever speaketh against the Holy=20 Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in = this world,=20 neither in the world to come. St. Paul pronounced the = same=20 anathema (Gal. i. 6): I marvel that ye are so soon = removed from=20 Him that called you into the grace of Christ, unto = another=20 Gospel: which is not another; but there be some that trouble = you,=20 and would pervert the Gospel of Christ. But though = we, or=20 an angel from heaven, preach any other gospel unto you, than = that=20 which we have preached unto you, let him be accursed. = This same=20 anathema the Seven Ecumenical Councils and the whole choir = of=20 God-serving fathers pronounced. All, therefore, innovating, = either=20 by heresy or schism, have voluntarily clothed themselves, = according=20 to the Psalm (cix. 18), ("with a curse as with = a=20 garment,") whether they be Popes, or Patriarchs, or = Clergy, or=20 Laity; nay, if any one, though an angel from heaven, preach = any=20 other Gospel unto you than that ye have received, let him be = accursed. Thus our wise fathers, obedient to the soul-saving = words=20 of St. Paul, were established firm and steadfast in the = faith handed=20 down unbrokenly to them, and preserved it unchanged and=20 uncontaminate in the midst of so many heresies, and have = delivered=20 it to us pure and undefiled, as it came pure from the mouth = of the=20 first servants of the Word. Let us, too, thus wise, transmit = it,=20 pure as we have received it, to coming generations, altering = nothing, that they may be, as we are, full of confidence, = and with=20 nothing to be ashamed of when speaking of the faith of their = forefathers.

21. Therefore, brethren, and sons beloved in the LORD, = having=20 purified your souls in obeying the truth (1 = Pet. i.=20 22), let us give the more earnest heed to the things = which we=20 have heard, lest at any time we should let them slip. = (Heb. ii.=20 1.) The faith and confession we have received is not one to = be=20 ashamed of, being taught in the Gospel from the mouth of our = LORD,=20 witnessed by the holy Apostles, by the seven sacred = Ecumenical=20 Councils, preached throughout the world, witnessed to by its = very=20 enemies, who, before they apostatized from orthodoxy to = heresies,=20 themselves held this same faith, or at least their fathers = and=20 fathers' fathers thus held it. It is witnessed to by = continuous=20 history, as triumphing over all the heresies which have = persecuted=20 or now persecute it, as ye see even to this day. The = succession of=20 our holy divine fathers and predecessors beginning from the=20 Apostles, and those whom the Apostles appointed their = successors, to=20 this day, forming one unbroken chain, and joining hand to = hand, keep=20 fast the sacred inclosure of which the door is Christ, in = which all=20 the orthodox Flock is fed in the fertile pastures of the = mystical=20 Eden, and not in the pathless and rugged wilderness, as his = Holiness=20 supposes (p. 7.1.12). Our Church holds the infallible and = genuine=20 deposit of the Holy Scriptures, of the Old Testament a true = and=20 perfect version, of the New the divine original itself. The = rites of=20 the sacred Mysteries, and especially those of the divine = Liturgy,=20 are the same glorious and heartquickening rites, handed down = from=20 the Apostles. No nation, no Christian communion, can boast = of such=20 Liturgies as those of James, Basil, Chrysostom. The august=20 Ecumenical Councils, those seven pillars of the house of = Wisdom,=20 were organized in it and among us. This, our Church, holds = the=20 originals of their sacred definitions. The Chief Pastors in = it, and=20 the honorable Presbytery, and the monastic Order, preserve = the=20 primitive and pure dignity of the first ages of = Christianity, in=20 opinions, in polity, and even in the simplicity of their = vestments.=20 Yes! verily, "grievous wolves" have constantly attacked this = holy=20 fold, and are attacking it now, as we see for ourselves, = according=20 to the prediction of the Apostle, which shows that the true = lambs of=20 the great Shepherd are folded in it; but that Church has = sung and=20 shall sing forever: " They compassed me about; yea, they = compassed me about: but in the name of the Lord I will = destroy them=20 (Ps. cxviii. l1). Let us add one reflection, a = painful=20 one indeed, but useful in order to manifest and confirm the = truth of=20 our words:=E2=80=94All Christian nations whatsoever that are = today seen=20 calling upon the Name of Christ (not excepting either the = West=20 generally, or Rome herself, as we prove by the catalogue of = her=20 earliest Popes), were taught the true faith in Christ by our = holy=20 predecessors and fathers; and yet afterwards deceitful men, = many of=20 whom were shepherds, and chief shepherds too, of those = nations, by=20 wretched sophistries and heretical opinions dared to defile, = alas!=20 the orthodoxy of those nations, as veracious history informs = us, and=20 as St. Paul predicted.

22. Therefore, brethren, and ye our spiritual children, = we=20 acknowledge how great the favor and grace which God has = bestowed=20 upon our Orthodox Faith, and on His One, Holy, Catholic, and = Apostolic Church, which, like a mother who is unsuspected of = her=20 husband, nourishes us as children of whom she is not = ashamed, and=20 who are excusable in our high-toned boldness concerning = the hope=20 that is in us. But what shall we sinners render to the = LORD=20 for all that He hath bestowed upon us? Our = bounteous LORD=20 and God, who hath redeemed us by his own Blood, requires = nothing=20 else of us but the devotion of our whole soul and heart to = the=20 blameless, holy faith of our fathers, and love and affection = to the=20 Orthodox Church, which has regenerated us not with a novel=20 sprinkling, but with the divine washing of Apostolic = Baptism. She it=20 is that nourishes us, according to the eternal covenant of = our=20 Savior, with His own precious Body, and abundantly, as a = true=20 Mother, gives us to drink of that precious Blood poured out = for us=20 and for the salvation of the world. Let us then encompass = her in=20 spirit, as the young their parent bird, wherever on earth we = find=20 ourselves, in the north or south, or east, or west. Let us = fix our=20 our eyes and thoughts upon her divine countenance and her = most=20 glorious beauty. Let us take hold with both our hands on her = shining=20 robe which the Bridegroom, "altogether lovely," has with His = own=20 undefiled hands thrown around her, when He redeemed her from = the=20 bondage of error, and adorned her as an eternal Bride for = Himself.=20 Let us feel in our own souls the mutual grief of the = children-loving=20 mother and the mother-loving children, when it is seen that = men of=20 wolfish minds and making gain of souls are zealous in = plotting how=20 they may lead her captive, or tear the lambs from their = mothers. Let=20 us, Clergy as well as Laity, cherish this feeling most = intensely=20 now, when the unseen adversary of our salvation, combining = his=20 fraudful arts (p. xi. 1. 2-25), employs such powerful=20 instrumentalities, and walketh about everywhere, as saith = St. Peter,=20 seeking whom he may devour; and when in this way, = in which=20 we walk peacefully and innocently, he sets his deceitful = snares.

23. Now, the God of peace, "that brought again from the = dead that=20 great Shepherd of the sheep," "He that keepeth Israel," who = "shall=20 neither slumber nor sleep," "keep your hearts and minds," = "and=20 direct your ways to every good work."

Peace and joy be with you in the LORD.

May, 1848, Indiction 6.

+ ANTHIMOS, by the Mercy of God, Archbishop of = Constantinople,=20 new Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch, a beloved brother in = Christ our=20 God, and suppliant.

+ HIEROTHEUS, by the Mercy of God, Patriarch of = Alexandria and of=20 all Egypt, a beloved brother in Christ our God, and = suppliant.

+ METHODIOS, by the Mercy of God, Patriarch of the great = City of=20 God, Antioch, and of all Anatolia, a beloved brother in = Christ our=20 God, and suppliant.

+ CYRIL, by the Mercy of God, Patriarch of Jerusalem and = of all=20 Palestine, a beloved brother in Christ our God, and = suppliant.

 

The Holy Synod in Constantinople:

+ PAISIUS OF CAESAREA

+ ANTHIMUS OF EPHESUS

+ DIONYSIUS OF HERACLEA

+ JOACHIM OF CYZICUS

+ DIONYSIUS OF NICODEMIA

+ HIEROTHEUS OF CHALCEDON

+ NEOPHYTUS OF DERCI

+ GERASIMUS OF ADRIANOPLE

+ CYRIL OF NEOCAESAREA

+ THEOCLETUS OF BEREA

+ MELETIUS OF PISIDIA

+ ATHANASIUS OF SMYRNA

+ DIONYSIUS OF MELENICUS

+ PAISIUS OF SOPHIA

+ DANIEL OF LEMNOS

+ PANTELEIMON OF DEYINOPOLIS

+ JOSEPH OF ERSECIUM

+ ANTHIMUS OF BODENI

 

The Holy Synod in Antioch:

+ ZACHARIAS OF ARCADIA

+ METHODIOS OF EMESA

+ JOANNICIUS OF TRIPOLIS

+ ARTEMIUS OF LAODICEA

 

The Holy Synod in Jerusalem:

+ MELETIUS OF PETRA

+ DIONYSIUS OF BETHLEHEM

+ PHILEMON OF GAZA

+ SAMUEL OF NEAPOLIS

+ THADDEUS OF SEBASTE

+ JOANNICIUS OF PHILADELPHIA

+ HIEROTHEUS OF TABOR

 
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