From: Subject: Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. I Date: Wed, 31 Jan 2007 12:25:17 -0600 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0024_01C74532.DDA13740" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.3028 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0024_01C74532.DDA13740 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-01/anf01-13.htm Ante-Nicene Fathers, Vol. I

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The Encyclical Epistle of the Church at Smyrnam =

Concerning the Martyrdom of the Holy = Polycarp

The = Encyclical Epistle of=20 the Church at Smyrnam

Concerning = the Martyrdom of=20 the Holy Polycarp

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The Church of God which sojourns at Smyrna, to the Church of God=20 sojourning in Philomelium,1=20 and to all the congregations2=20 of the Holy and Catholic Church in every place: Mercy, peace, and love = from God=20 the Father, and our Lord Jesus Christ, be multiplied.

We have written to you, brethren, as to what relates to the martyrs, = and=20 especially to the blessed Polycarp, who put an end to the persecution, = having,=20 as it were, set a seal upon it by his martyrdom. For almost all the = events that=20 happened previously [to this one], took place that the Lord might show = us from=20 above a martyrdom becoming the Gospel. For he waited to be delivered up, = even as=20 the Lord had done, that we also might become his followers, while we = look not=20 merely at what concerns ourselves but have regard also to our = neighbours. For it=20 is the part of a true and well-founded love, not only to wish one's self = to be=20 saved, but also all the brethren.

All the martyrdoms, then, were blessed and noble which took place = according=20 to the will of God. For it becomes us who profess3=20 greater piety than others, to ascribe the authority over all things to = God. And=20 truly,4=20 who can fail to admire their nobleness of mind, and their patience, with = that=20 love towards their Lord which they displayed?-who, when they were so = torn with=20 scourges, that the frame of their bodies, even to the very inward veins = and=20 arteries, was laid open, still patiently endured, while even those that = stood by=20 pitied and bewailed them. But they reached such a pitch of magnanimity, = that not=20 one of them let a sigh or a groan escape them; thus proving to us all = that those=20 holy martyrs of Christ, at the very time when they suffered such = torments, were=20 absent from the body, or rather, that the Lord then stood by them, and = communed=20 with them. And, looking to the grace of Christ, they despised all the = torments=20 of this world, redeeming themselves from eternal punishment by [the = suffering=20 of] a single hour. For this reason the fire of their savage executioners = appeared cool to them. For they kept before their view escape from that = fire=20 which is eternal and never shall be quenched, and looked forward with = the eyes=20 of their heart to those good things which are laid up for such as = endure; things=20 "which ear hath not heard, nor eye seen, neither have entered into the = heart of=20 man,"5=20 but were revealed by the Lord to them, inasmuch as they were no longer = men, but=20 had already become angels. And, in like manner, those who were condemned = to the=20 wild beasts endured dreadful tortures, being stretched out upon beds = full of=20 spikes, and subjected to various other kinds of torments, in order that, = if it=20 were possible, the tyrant might, by their lingering tortures, lead them = to a=20 denial [of Christ].

For the devil did indeed invent many things against them; but thanks = be to=20 God, he could not prevail over all. For the most noble Germanicus = strengthened=20 the timidity of others by his own patience, and fought heroically6=20 with the wild beasts. For, when the proconsul sought to persuade him, = and urged=20 him7=20 to take pity upon his age, he attracted the wild beast towards himself, = and=20 provoked it, being desirous to escape all the more quickly from an = unrighteous=20 and impious world. But upon this the whole multitude, marvelling at the = nobility=20 of mind displayed by the devout and godly race of Christians,8=20 cried out, "Away with the Atheists; let Polycarp be sought out!"

Now one named Quintus, a Phrygian, who was but lately come from = Phrygia, when=20 he saw the wild beasts, became afraid. This was the man who forced = himself and=20 some others to come forward voluntarily [for trial]. Him the proconsul, = after=20 many entreaties, persuaded to swear and to offer sacrifice. Wherefore, = brethren,=20 we do not commend those who give themselves up [to suffering], seeing = the Gospel=20 does not teach so to do.9=20

But the most admirable Polycarp, when he first heard [that he was = sought=20 for], was in no measure disturbed, but resolved to continue in the city. = However, in deference to the wish of many, he was persuaded to leave it. = He=20 departed, therefore, to a country house not far distant from the city. = There he=20 stayed with a few [friends], engaged in nothing else night and day than = praying=20 for all men, and for the Churches throughout the world, according to his = usual=20 custom. And while he was praying, a vision presented itself to him three = days=20 before he was taken; and, behold, the pillow under his head seemed to = him on=20 fire. Upon this, turning to those that were with him, he said to them=20 prophetically," I must be burnt alive."

And when those who sought for him were at hand, he departed to = another=20 dwelling, whither his pursuers immediately came after him. And when they = found=20 him not, they seized upon two youths [that were there], one of whom, = being=20 subjected to torture, confessed. It was thus impossible that he should = continue=20 hid, since those that betrayed him were of his own household. The=20 Irenarch10=20 then (whose office is the same as that of the Cleronomus11=20 ), by name Herod, hastened to bring him into the stadium. [This all = happened]=20 that he might fulfil his special lot, being made a partaker of Christ, = and that=20 they who betrayed him might undergo the punishment of Judas himself.

His pursuers then, along with horsemen, and taking the youth with = them, went=20 forth at supper-time on the day of the preparation12=20 with their usual weapons, as if going out against a robber.13=20 And being come about evening [to the place where he was], they found him = lying=20 down in the upper room of14=20 a certain little house, from which he might have escaped into another = place; but=20 he refused, saying, "The will of God15=20 be done."16=20 So when he heard that they were come, he went down and spake with them. = And as=20 those that were present marvelled at his age and constancy, some of them = said.=20 "Was so much effort17=20 made to capture such a venerable man?18=20 Immediately then, in that very hour, he ordered that something to eat = and drink=20 should be set before them, as much indeed as they cared for, while he = besought=20 them to allow him an hour to pray without disturbance. And on their = giving him=20 leave, he stood and prayed, being full of the grace of God, so that he = could not=20 cease19=20 for two full hours, to the astonishment of them that heard him, insomuch = that=20 many began to repent that they had come forth against so godly and = venerable an=20 old man.

Now, as soon as he had ceased praying, having made mention of all = that had at=20 any time come in contact with him, both small and great, illustrious and = obscure, as well as the whole Catholic Church throughout the world, the = time of=20 his departure having arrived, they set him upon an ass, and conducted = him into=20 the city, the day being that of the great Sabbath. And the Irenarch = Herod,=20 accompanied by his father Nicetes (both riding in a chariot20=20 ), met him, and taking him up into the chariot, they seated themselves = beside=20 him, and endeavoured to persuade him, saying, "What harm is there in = saying,=20 Lord Caesar,21=20 and in sacrificing, with the other ceremonies observed on such = occasions, and so=20 make sure of safety? "But he at first gave them no answer; and when they = continued to urge him, he said, "I shall not do as you advise me." So = they,=20 having no hope of persuading him, began to speak bitter22=20 words unto him, and cast him with violence out of the chariot,23=20 insomuch that, in getting down from the carriage, he dislocated his = leg24=20 [by the fall]. But without being disturbed,25=20 and as if suffering nothing, he went eagerly forward with all haste, and = was=20 conducted to the stadium, where the tumult was so great, that there was = no=20 possibility of being heard.

Now, as Polycarp was entering into the stadium, there came to him a = voice=20 from heaven, saying, "Be strong, and show thyself a man, O Polycarp!" No = one saw=20 who it was that spoke to him; but those of our brethren who were present = heard=20 the voice. And as he was brought forward, the tumult became great when = they=20 heard that Polycarp was taken. And when he came near, the proconsul = asked him=20 whether he was Polycarp. On his confessing that he was, [the proconsul] = sought=20 to persuade him to deny [Christ], saying, "Have respect to thy old age," = and=20 other similar things, according to their custom, [such as], "Swear by = the=20 fortune of Caesar; repent, and say, Away with the Atheists." But = Polycarp,=20 gazing with a stern countenance on all the multitude of the wicked = heathen then=20 in the stadium, and waving his hand towards them, while with groans he = looked up=20 to heaven, said, "Away with the Atheists."26=20 Then, the proconsul urging him, and saying, "Swear, and I will set thee = at=20 liberty, reproach Christ; "Polycarp declared, "Eighty and six years have = I=20 served Him, and He never did me any injury: how then can I blaspheme my = King and=20 my Saviour? "

And when the proconsul yet again pressed him, and said, "Swear by the = fortune=20 of Caesar," he answered, "Since thou art vainly urgent that, as thou = sayest, I=20 should swear by the fortune of Caesar, and pretendest not to know who = and what I=20 am, hear me declare with boldness, I am a Christian. And if you wish to = learn=20 what the doctrines27=20 of Christianity are, appoint me a day, and thou shalt hear them." The = proconsul=20 replied, "Persuade the people." But Polycarp said, "To thee I have = thought it=20 right to offer an account [of my faith]; for we are taught to give all = due=20 honour (which entails no injury upon ourselves) to the powers and = authorities=20 which are ordained of God.28=20 But as for these, I do not deem them worthy of receiving any = account from=20 me."29=20

The proconsul then said to him, "I have wild beasts at hand ; to = these will I=20 cast thee, except thou repent." But he answered, "Call them then, for we = are not=20 accustomed to repent of what is good in order to adopt that which is=20 evil;30=20 and it is well for me to be changed from what is evil to what is=20 righteous."31=20 But again the proconsul said to him, "I will cause thee to be consumed = by fire,=20 seeing thou despisest the wild beasts, if thou wilt not repent." But = Polycarp=20 said, "Thou threatenest me with fire which burneth for an hour, and = after a=20 little is extinguished, but art ignorant of the fire of the coming = judgment and=20 of eternal punishment, reserved for the ungodly. But why tarriest thou? = Bring=20 forth what thou wilt."

While he spoke these and many other like things, he was filled with=20 confidence and joy, and his countenance was full of grace, so that not = merely=20 did it not fall as if troubled by the things said to him, but, on the = contrary,=20 the proconsul was astonished, and sent his herald to proclaim in the = midst of=20 the stadium thrice, "Polycarp has confessed that he is a Christian." = This=20 proclamation having been made by the herald, the whole multitude both of = the=20 heathen and Jews, who dwelt at Smyrna, cried out with uncontrollable = fury, and=20 in a loud voice, "This is the teacher of Asia,32=20 the father of the Christians, and the overthrower of our gods, he who = has been=20 teaching many not to sacrifice, or to worship the gods." Speaking thus, = they=20 cried out, and besought Philip the Asiarch33=20 to let loose a lion upon Polycarp. But Philip answered that it was not = lawful=20 for him to do so, seeing the shows34=20 of wild beasts were already finished. Then it seemed good to them to cry = out=20 with one consent, that Polycarp should be burnt alive. For thus it = behooved the=20 vision which was revealed to him in regard to his pillow to be = fulfilled, when,=20 seeing it on fire as he was praying, he turned about and said = prophetically to=20 the faithful that were with him, "I must be burnt alive."

This, then, was carried into effect with greater speed than it was = spoken,=20 the multitudes immediately gathering together wood and fagots out of the = shops=20 and baths; the Jews especially, according to custom, eagerly assisting = them in=20 it. And when the funeral pile was ready, Polycarp, laying aside all his=20 garments, and loosing his girdle, sought also to take off his sandals,-a = thing=20 he was not accustomed to do, inasmuch as every one of the faithful was = always=20 eager who should first touch his skin. For, on account of his holy = life,35=20 he was, even before his martyrdom, adorned36=20 with every kind of good. Immediately then they surrounded him with those = substances which had been prepared for the funeral pile. But when they = were=20 about also to fix him with nails, he said, "Leave me as I am; for He = that giveth=20 me strength to endure the fire, will also enable me, without your = securing me by=20 nails, to remain without moving in the pile."

They did not nail him then, but simply bound him. And he, placing his = hands=20 behind him, and being bound like a distinguished ram [taken] out of a = great=20 flock for sacrifice, and prepared to be an acceptable burnt-offering = unto God,=20 looked up to heaven, and said, "O Lord God Almighty, the Father of thy = beloved=20 and blessed Son Jesus Christ, by whom we have received the knowledge of = Thee,=20 the God of angels and powers, and of every creature, and of the whole = race of=20 the righteous who live before thee, I give Thee thanks that Thou hast = counted=20 me, worthy of this day and this hour, that I should have a part in the = number of=20 Thy martyrs, in the cup37=20 of thy Christ, to the resurrection of eternal life, both of soul and = body,=20 through the incorruption [imparted] by the Holy Ghost. Among whom may I = be=20 accepted this day before Thee as a fat38=20 and acceptable sacrifice, according as Thou, the ever-truthful39=20 God, hast fore-ordained, hast revealed beforehand to me, and now hast = fulfilled.=20 Wherefore also I praise Thee for all things, I bless Thee, I glorify = Thee, along=20 with the everlasting and heavenly Jesus Christ, Thy beloved Son, with = whom, to=20 Thee, and the Holy Ghost, be glory both now and to all coming ages.=20 Amen."40=20

When he had pronounced this amen, and so finished his prayer, = those=20 who were appointed for the purpose kindled the fire. And as the flame = blazed=20 forth in great fury,41=20 we, to whom it was given to witness it, beheld a great miracle, and have = been=20 preserved that we might report to others what then took place. For the = fire,=20 shaping itself into the form of an arch, like the sail of a ship when = filled=20 with the wind, encompassed as by a circle the body of the martyr. And he = appeared within not like flesh which is burnt, but as bread that is = baked, or as=20 gold and silver glowing in a furnace. Moreover, we perceived such a = sweet odour=20 [coming from the pile], as if frankincense or some such precious spices = had been=20 smoking42=20 there.

At length, when those wicked men perceived that his body could not be = consumed by the fire, they commanded an executioner to go near and = pierce him=20 through with a dagger. And on his doing this, there came forth a = dove,43=20 and a great quantity of blood, so that the fire was extinguished; and = all the=20 people wondered that there should be such a difference between the = unbelievers=20 and the elect, of whom this most admirable Polycarp was one, having in = our own=20 times been an apostolic and prophetic teacher, and bishop of the = Catholic Church=20 which is in Smyrna. For every word that went out of his mouth either has = been or=20 shall yet be accomplished.

But when the adversary of the race of the righteous, the envious, = malicious,=20 and wicked one, perceived the impressive44=20 nature of his martyrdom, and [considered] the blameless life he had led = from the=20 beginning, and how he was now crowned with the wreath of immortality, = having=20 beyond dispute received his reward, he did his utmost that not the least = memorial of him should be taken away by us, although many desired to do = this,=20 and to become possessors45=20 of his holy flesh. For this end he suggested it to Nicetes, the father = of Herod=20 and brother of Alce, to go and entreat the governor not to give up his = body to=20 be buried, "lest," said he, "forsaking Him that was crucified, they = begin to=20 worship this one." This he said at the suggestion and urgent persuasion = of the=20 Jews, who also watched us, as we sought to take him out of the fire, = being=20 ignorant of this, that it is neither possible for us ever to forsake = Christ, who=20 suffered for the salvation of such as shall be saved throughout the = whole world=20 (the blameless one for sinners46=20 ), nor to worship any other. For Him indeed, as being the Son of God, we = adore;=20 but the martyrs, as disciples and followers of the Lord, we worthily = love on=20 account of their extraordinary47=20 affection towards their own King and Master, of whom may we also be made = companions48=20 and fellow-disciples!

The centurion then, seeing the strife excited by the Jews, placed the = body49=20 in the midst of the fire, and consumed it. Accordingly, we afterwards = took up=20 his bones, as being more precious than the most exquisite jewels, and = more=20 purified50=20 than gold, and deposited them in a fitting place, whither, being = gathered=20 together, as opportunity is allowed us, with joy and rejoicing, the Lord = shall=20 grant us to celebrate the anniversary51=20 of his martyrdom, both in memory of those who have already finished = their=20 course,52=20 and for the exercising and preparation of those yet to walk in their = steps.

This, then, is the account of the blessed Polycarp, who, being the = twelfth=20 that was martyred in Smyrna (reckoning those also of Philadelphia), yet = occupies=20 a place of his own53=20 in the memory of all men, insomuch that he is everywhere spoken of by = the=20 heathen themselves. He was not merely an illustrious teacher, but also a = pre-eminent martyr, whose martyrdom all desire to imitate, as having = been=20 altogether consistent with the Gospel of Christ. For, having through = patience=20 overcome the unjust governor, and thus acquired the crown of = immortality, he=20 now, with the apostles and all the righteous [in heaven], rejoicingly = glorifies=20 God, even the Father, and blesses our Lord Jesus Christ, the Saviour of = our=20 souls, the Governor of our bodies, and the Shepherd of the Catholic = Church=20 throughout the world.54=20

Since, then, ye requested that we would at large make you acquainted = with=20 what really took place, we have for the present sent you this summary = account=20 through our brother Marcus. When, therefore, ye have yourselves read = this=20 Epistle,55=20 be pleased to send it to the brethren at a greater distance, that they = also may=20 glorify the Lord, who makes such choice of His own servants. To Him who = is able=20 to bring us all by His grace and goodness56=20 into his everlasting kingdom, through His only-begotten Son Jesus = Christ, to Him=20 be glory, and honour, and power, and majesty, for ever. Amen. Salute all = the=20 saints. They that are with us salute you, and Evarestus, who wrote this = Epistle,=20 with all his house.

Now, the blessed Polycarp suffered martyrdom on the second day of the = month=20 Xanthicus just begun,57=20 the seventh day before the Kalends of May, on the great Sabbath, at the = eighth=20 hour.58=20 He was taken by Herod, Philip the Trallian being high priest,59=20 Statius Quadratus being proconsul, but Jesus Christ being King for ever, = to whom=20 be glory, honour, majesty, and an everlasting throne, from generation to = generation. Amen.

We wish you, brethren, all happiness, while you walk according to the = doctrine of the Gospel of Jesus Christ; with whom be glory to God the = Father and=20 the Holy Spirit, for the salvation of His holy elect, after whose = example60=20 the blessed Polycarp suffered, following in whose steins may we too be = found in=20 the kingdom of Jesus Christ!

These things61=20 Caius transcribed from the copy of Irenaeus (who was a disciple of = Polycarp),=20 having himself been intimate with Irenaeus. And I Socrates transcribed = them at=20 Corinth from the copy of Caius. Grace be with you all.

And I again, Pionius, wrote them from the previously written copy, = having=20 carefully searched into them, and the blessed Polycarp having manifested = them to=20 me through a revelation, even as I shall show in what follows. I have = collected=20 these things, when they had almost faded away through the lapse of time, = that=20 the Lord Jesus Christ may also gather me along with His elect into His = heavenly=20 kingdom, to whom, with the Father and the Holy Spirit, be glory for ever = and=20 ever. Amen.

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